The base formula
Reading time equals total words divided by words per minute. Word Count Central uses 238 words per minute for silent reading of general prose, the median from meta-analyses of adult reading studies.
Speaking time is slower
Comfortable presentation pace is 130–150 words per minute. We use 140, so a 1,400-word speech runs about ten minutes. Add 10–15% if you plan pauses, slide transitions, or audience questions.
When to adjust
Technical, legal, or heavily numeric text reads 20–30% slower. Content with code blocks or tables should be estimated conservatively so readers are not surprised.